the Registration Statement, and any amendments thereto (including post-effective amendments), will have become effective and such effectiveness will not have been terminated or rescinded;

a Prospectus Supplement will have been prepared and filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission describing the Securities offered thereby;

all Securities will be offered, issued and sold in compliance with applicable United States federal and state securities laws and in the manner stated in the Registration Statement and the appropriate Prospectus Supplement;

any definitive purchase, underwriting or similar agreement with respect to any Securities offered pursuant to the Registration Statement will have been duly authorized and validly executed and delivered by the Company and the other parties thereto and that such agreements will constitute legal, valid, binding and enforceable obligations of the Company and the other parties thereto;

any securities issuable upon exercise or conversion of any Securities being offered pursuant to the Registration Statement will have been duly authorized, created and, if appropriate, reserved for issuance upon such exercise or conversion;

at the time of any offering or sale of any Common Shares, Preferred Shares, Warrants, Units comprised of, in whole or in part, Common Shares, Preferred Shares, Warrants or Subscription Receipts for, in whole or in part, Common Shares or Preferred Shares, and as of the date of the issuance of any Common Shares or Preferred Shares issuable upon exercise of Warrants or Subscription Receipts, there will be sufficient Common Shares or Preferred Shares, as applicable, authorized and unissued under the Company’s then operative articles (the “Articles”) and not otherwise reserved for issuance;

at the time of issuance of the Securities, the Company validly exists and is duly qualified and in good standing under the laws of its jurisdiction of incorporation, and has the necessary corporate power for such issuance;

at the time of issuance of the Securities, the Articles and then operative by-laws of the Company (together with the Articles, the “Constating Documents”) are in full force and effect and have not been amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise altered, and there has been no authorization of any such amendment, restatement, supplement or other alteration, in either case since the date hereof;

any Subscription Receipt Agreement (as defined below) or Unit Agreement (as defined below) has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the parties thereto (other than the Company), enforceable against each of them in accordance with their respective terms;

that the issuance, terms, execution and delivery of the Securities:

do not result in breaches of, or defaults under, agreements or instruments to which the Company is bound or violations of applicable statutes, rules, regulations or court or governmental orders; and

comply with any applicable requirement or restriction imposed by any court or governmental body having jurisdiction over the Company.

the board of directors of the Company (the “Board”), including any appropriate committee appointed thereby, and appropriate officers of the Company will take all necessary corporate action to approve the issuance, if any, of each respective Security and such action will be consistent with the procedures and terms described in the Registration Statement and in accordance with the Constating Documents, Applicable Law (as defined below), and the rules and regulations of the stock exchanges on which the Company’s securities are listed or quoted for trading;

that in the event the Securities are sold pursuant to a Subscription Receipt Agreement or Unit Agreement, such agreement will be filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement under the Current Report on Form 8-K; and

that at the time of distribution of, or trade in, Securities, no order, ruling or decision is in effect that restricts any trade in such Securities or that affects anyone who engages in any such trade.

With respect to Common Shares offered under the Registration Statement, when: (a) the Company has taken all necessary corporate action to authorize and approve the issuance thereof, the terms of the offering thereof and related matters, and (b) certificates representing the Common Shares have been duly executed, countersigned, registered and delivered, or if uncertificated, valid book-entry notations have been made in the share register of the Company, in each case in accordance with the Constating Documents, either (i) against payment therefor in an amount not less than such consideration determined by the Board and permitted under Applicable Law then in effect and in the manner contemplated by the Registration Statement and/or the applicable Prospectus Supplement and in accordance with the provisions of the applicable definitive purchase, underwriting or similar agreement, if any, approved by the Company or (ii) upon exercise or conversion of any other Security in accordance with the terms of such Security or the instrument governing such Security as approved by the Company, for the consideration approved by the Company (in an amount not less than such consideration determined by the Board and permitted under Applicable Law then if effect), the Common Shares will be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.

With respect to Preferred Shares offered under the Registration Statement, when: (a) the Company has taken all necessary corporate action to authorize and approve the issuance thereof, the terms of the offering thereof and related matters, and (b) certificates representing the Preferred Shares have been duly executed, countersigned, registered and delivered, or if uncertificated, valid book-entry notations have been made in the share register of the Company, in each case in accordance with the Constating Documents, either (i) against payment therefor in an amount not less than such consideration determined by the Board and permitted under Applicable Law then in effect and in the manner contemplated by the Registration Statement and/or the applicable Prospectus Supplement and in accordance with the provisions of the applicable definitive purchase, underwriting or similar agreement, if any, approved by the Company or (ii) upon exercise or conversion of any other Security in accordance with the terms of such Security or the instrument governing such Security as approved by the Company, for the consideration approved by the Company (in an amount not less than such consideration determined by the Board and permitted under Applicable Law then if effect), the Preferred Shares will be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.

With respect to Subscription Receipts offered under the Registration Statement, when: (a) the Company has taken all necessary corporate action to authorize and approve the creation of and the issuance and terms of the Subscription Receipts, the terms of the offering thereof and related matters, (b) a subscription receipt agreement in respect thereof (a “Subscription Receipt Agreement”) has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company in accordance with Applicable Law, and (c) the Subscription Receipts, or certificates representing the Subscription Receipts, as the case may be, have been duly executed and delivered, as applicable, against payment therefor in accordance with the provisions of the Subscription Receipt Agreement and in the manner contemplated by the Registration Statement and/or the applicable Prospectus Supplement (assuming the Securities issuable upon exercise of the Subscription Receipts have been duly authorized and reserved for issuance by all necessary corporate action and in accordance with Applicable Law), the Subscription Receipts will constitute valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms.

With respect to Units, assuming that: (a) any Common Shares that form a part of such Units are validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, as contemplated in numbered paragraph 1 above, (b) any Preferred Shares that form part of such Units are validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, as contemplated in numbered paragraph 2 above, (c) any Debt Securities that form part of such Units constitute valid and binding obligations of the Company in accordance with their terms, (d) any Warrants that form a part of such Units constitute valid and binding obligations of the Company in accordance with their terms, (e) any Subscription Receipts that form a part of such Units constitute valid and binding obligations of the Company in accordance with their terms, as contemplated in numbered paragraph 3 above, and (f) when (i) the Company has taken all necessary corporate action to approve the creation of and the issuance and terms of the Units (including the Securities which comprise such Units), the terms of the offering thereof and related matters, (ii) any applicable unit agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company in accordance with Applicable Law (a “Unit Agreement”), and (iii) the Units have been duly delivered against payment therefor in accordance with the provisions of any applicable Unit Agreement or purchase or similar agreement approved by the Company and in the manner contemplated by the Registration Statement and/or the applicable Prospectus Supplement, the Units will constitute valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms.

the enforceability of any agreement may be limited by bankruptcy, reorganization, winding-up, insolvency, moratorium, arrangement, fraudulent preference and conveyance, assignment and preference and other similar laws of general application affecting the enforcement of creditor’s rights;

no opinion is given as to the enforceability of any term providing for the severance of void, illegal or unenforceable provisions from the remaining provisions of an agreement;

no opinion is given as to the enforceability of any term providing that modifications, amendments or waivers are not binding unless in writing;

no opinion is given with respect to rights to indemnity and contribution;

no opinion is given with respect to the enforceability of any provision of any document exculpating any party from liability for acts or omissions that may be illegal, fraudulent, or involve wilful misconduct or gross negligence;

no opinion is given with respect to the enforceability of any provision of any document to the extent that it would be contrary to public policy or to the extent that it constitutes the indirect enforcement of a foreign revenue or penal law;

no opinion is given with respect to the enforceability of any provision of any document that purports to constitute a waiver by a party of any defences that might otherwise be available to, or constitute a discharge of the liability of, that party;

no opinion is given with respect to any provision of any document that may be characterized by a court as an unenforceable penalty and not as a genuine pre-estimate of damages;

no opinion is given with respect to any provision of any document that states that any failure to exercise, or any delay in exercising, any right or remedy shall not operate as a waiver thereof;

no opinion is given with respect to any provision of any document pursuant to which the parties have agreed to submit any disputes to the exclusive jurisdiction of any particular court;

the enforceability of the obligations of a party under any agreement is subject to general principles of equity, including, without limitation:

concepts of materiality, reasonableness, good faith and fair dealing in performance and enforcement of a contract required of the party seeking its enforcement;

the discretion exercisable by a court with respect to equitable remedies, such as specific performance and injunction;

the discretion exercisable by a court with respect to stays of enforcement proceedings and execution of judgments;

the effect of vitiating factors, such as mistake, misrepresentation, fraud, duress or undue influence; and

the discretion of a court with respect to the enforcement of provisions in an agreement to the effect that certain factual or legal determinations, calculations or certificates will be conclusive and binding;

a court may reserve to itself the right to decline jurisdiction in any action if the court is an inconvenient forum to hear the action or if concurrent proceedings are being brought elsewhere, notwithstanding any waiver of the right to raise such objection or defence thereto;

a court may limit the availability of a remedy under certain circumstances where another remedy has been elected;

to the extent that any document purports to extend its benefit to a person who is not a party to that document, that person may be unable to enforce that benefit;

no opinion is given as to the enforceability of any provision of any document that states that any document constitutes the entire agreement between the parties and that there are no representations, conditions, or collateral agreements between the parties except as set out in such document;

no opinion is given as to the enforceability of any provisions in any document that leave matters to be agreed upon by, or are subject to further agreement of, the parties;

the right to exercise any unilateral or unfettered discretion pursuant to an agreement will not prevent a court from requiring such discretion to be exercised reasonably; and

the recoverability of costs and expenses may be limited to those a court considers to be reasonably incurred, the costs and expenses incidental to all court proceedings are in the discretion of the court and the court has the discretion to determine by whom and to what extent these costs shall be paid.

Yours truly,

/s/ Cassels Brock & Blackwell LLP